Abstract
Carbon neutrality can be defined as a state of net-zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions achieved by balancing CO2 emissions with removals. ‘Net-zero’ has become a shorthand phrase to describe how governments, companies, and others should respond to climate change challenges and to the implementation of the Paris Agreement. However, there is no standard definition of what exactly net-zero entails, and certainly no commonly agreed roadmap for how to get there. The motivation for this study is to provide a broad perspective on net-zero scenarios with a focus on scenarios that are in line with the International Energy Agency (IEA) Net-Zero by 2050 scenario (IEA 2021) and scenarios that embrace the circular carbon economy (CCE) concept.
